Prototype of early warning system for flood disaster detection and mitigation based on internet of things

Abstract

This research aims to design an early warning system to detect floods. This is motivated by flood disasters that often occur unexpectedly and without warning so people cannot make preparations to avoid these disasters. This research uses the wireless sensor network method to integrate several sensors and the Internet of Things in its monitoring.  The purpose of this effort is to provide communities vulnerable to flooding with fast and accurate alerts, enabling remote and immediate communication during flood events. This research aims to create a prototype system that can replace the human role in monitoring the dam water level condition at any time by developing an integrated system between hardware and software using IoT (Internet of Things). This research uses the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to detect the distance of the water surface level, the water flow sensor is used to detect the flow of water to provide the value of water discharge and volume. LED is a notification of water level status, and the Buzzer is turned on at a certain water level status. The results are displayed on LCD and Blynk. The developed system consists of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor (distance) and NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller. This system serves to measure the water level at any time and send data in real time to the internet. The test results of this research obtained an average error on the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor of 1.70% when detecting solid objects and an average error of 3.17% when detecting the height of the water surface. The water flow sensor obtained an average error when calculating water discharge of 6.59% and calculating water volume of 3.48%. The LED will light up and the Buzzer will sound according to the status of the water level, namely SAFE, WARNING, and DANGER. The results will be displayed in real-time on the LCD and Blynk application as an early warning for flood detection and mitigation.