Sunscreen activity of ethanol extract of mangrove fruit flour and its formulation in cream preparation
Keywords:
Sunscreen, Mangrove, Cream, Extract, BrayoAbstract
Increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has raised public awareness of the importance of using effective and safe sunscreens, especially those derived from natural ingredients. Mangrove ecosystems are a source of natural bioactive compounds that have the potential to act as photoprotective agents because they contain flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics that can absorb ultraviolet (UV) rays and act as antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate the potential sunscreen activity of Brayo (Avecenia marina) and Lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) extracts in raw and cooked forms, and to develop a cream formulation with the best extract. Extraction was carried out by remaceration using 70% ethanol solvent. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value of each extract was determined using UV spectrophotometry. The extract with the highest SPF results was then formulated into a cream preparation with concentrations F1 (1%), F2 (3%), and F3 (9%). Each formula was tested for physical characteristics including pH, viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability, and tested for sunscreen activity in vitro. The results showed that raw Brayo had the highest SPF value (24.47 ± 0.58) and was included in the ultra protection category. Organoleptic and homogeneity tests showed that all formulas met the requirements. For pH and adhesion tests, formulas 3 and 4 met the requirements, while formula 1 did not. Viscosity and spreadability tests for all formulas met the requirements. the SPF value increased with increasing extract concentration. Thus, raw Brayo extract has the potential as a natural active ingredient in sunscreen cream formulations with high effectiveness. These findings indicate that raw Brayo extract has the potential as a natural sunscreen agent that can be formulated stably in cream form for skin protection applications against UV radiation.
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