Digital-based construction project supply chain optimization model for cost and time efficiency in Karawang Regency
Keywords:
Construction supply chain, ERP–IoT–BIM integration, Digital construction, Cost efficiency, Time efficiency, SCOR performanceAbstract
Karawang Regency is one of Indonesia’s key National Strategic Industrial Zones, where rapid growth of construction projects coexists with persistent inefficiencies such as schedule delays, 15–20% material waste, cost overruns in procurement and logistics, fragmented processes, and low levels of digitalization. This study develops and evaluates a digital-based construction project supply chain optimization model integrating Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Internet of Things (IoT), and Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies to improve cost and time efficiency in construction projects in Karawang Regency. A mixed-methods approach combines qualitative thematic analysis, Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) assessment, linear programming optimization, and scenario comparison between conventional and digital supply chain management. Data were obtained from 22 stakeholder interviews, field observations, process mapping from procurement to execution, and analysis of financial and schedule documents for projects valued between USD 500,000 and 5 million during 2023–2025. The integrated ERP–IoT–BIM model achieved a 25.7% reduction in total supply chain cost, a 27.9% reduction in project duration (50 days saved, from 325 to 275 days), and a 19.8% increase in the overall SCOR index (from 72.0 to 86.2), while stakeholder satisfaction reached 4.5/5 (very satisfied). These findings demonstrate that ERP–IoT–BIM integration can significantly enhance construction supply chain performance in industrial regions and provide a scalable foundation for the Digital Construction Ecosystem Karawang 2030.
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