Dynamics of urbanization, industry, energy, and emissions on economic growth in middle-income ASEAN countries
Keywords:
Urbanization, Industrial value added, Energy consumption, CO₂ emissions, Economic growthAbstract
This study analyzes the asymmetric influence of urbanization, industrial value added, electricity consumption, renewable energy use, and CO₂ emissions on economic growth in middle-income ASEAN countries over the period 1990–2023. Using a fixed-effects panel quantile regression approach, the results indicate that urbanization, electricity consumption, renewable energy utilization, and CO₂ emissions exhibit positive and statistically significant effects on economic growth, whereas industrial value added shows no meaningful contribution across quantiles. The effect of urbanization is more pronounced at lower quantiles, underscoring its strategic importance during earlier stages of economic development. These findings provide empirical insights for policymakers in formulating strategies related to urban management, energy diversification, and emissions mitigation to support sustainable economic performance.
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