Analysis of legal transformation on the ratification and harmonization of Indonesian national narcotics law based on the perspective of the 1961 UN Single Convention
Keywords:
Legal Transformation, Ratification, Narcotics Law, UN Single Convention 1961Abstract
This study aims to (1) legally analyze the transformation and harmonization of norms in the Indonesian National Narcotics Law (Law No. 35 of 2009) after the ratification process, with a focus on compliance and alignment with the obligations arising from the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. (2) to identify the extent to which national law has internalized the principles of control and substance scheduling systems according to international standards. The type of research used in this study is normative-legal research. By using a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that (1) formally and procedurally, Indonesia has carried out its ratification obligations which give rise to international legal ties (pacta sunt servanda). However, substantially, significant gaps in norms were found. First, the harmonization process in the classification and updating of the list of narcotic substances in the appendix to domestic laws tends to lag behind, creating a vacuum in the supervision of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Second, although the Convention mandates effective criminal action, the application of the death penalty in the Indonesian Narcotics Law creates normative tension with human rights principles promoted by other UN bodies. (2) There is a disparity between the mandate for strict control (as stipulated in the Convention) and the need to strengthen public health and rehabilitation approaches, where domestic emphasis is still dominated by a repressive approach. This study recommends a periodic review of the list of substances and strengthening of the rehabilitative aspects in the implementation of the Narcotics Law.
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