Dissenting opinion in Indonesian constitutional court decisions: An analysis of the theory of judicial independence and its implications for constitutional legitimacy
Keywords:
Dissenting Opinion, Independence of Judicial Power, Constitutional Legitimacy, Constitutional CourtAbstract
This study examines dissenting opinions in Decision of the Indonesian Constitutional Court Number 90/PUU-XX/2023 and 62/PUU-XXII/2024. These two decisions contain dissenting opinions from judges. The existence of dissenting opinions is often seen as a tangible manifestation of the independence of judicial power, but at the same time raises debates about its influence on the legitimacy of constitutional decisions. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The data sources are Constitutional Court decisions containing dissenting opinions, academic literature on the theory of judicial independence, and doctrines related to the legitimacy of constitutional adjudication. The analysis was conducted qualitatively through legal interpretation and theoretical review. The research findings indicate that dissenting opinions are a manifestation of the independence of constitutional judges in interpreting the constitution, while also strengthening the transparency of the decision-making process. From the perspective of legitimacy, dissenting opinions serve as an internal check on majority dominance and act as a foundation for the future development of constitutional law. From a legal-political perspective, dissenting opinions show that Constitutional Court decisions are not entirely free from the pull of political interests and the legal ideologies of judges, but rather affirm the role of the Constitutional Court as an open arena for deliberation. In this way, dissenting opinions not only reflect the freedom of judges but also serve as an indicator of how Indonesian legal politics shapes, influences, and directs the direction of constitutionalism.
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