Physical preconception readiness among unmarried adolescents: A multivariate analytical approach
Keywords:
Preconception health, Physical readiness, Adolescents, Reproductive health, Body mass index (BMI)Abstract
The preconception period is an important stage in the reproductive life cycle that aims to prepare physical, mental, and social conditions before pregnancy occurs. Physical readiness during this period is the main foundation for ensuring a healthy pregnancy and minimizing the risk of complications for both the mother and the fetus. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence physical readiness among adolescents in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, with the population being unmarried adolescents spread across ten provinces in Indonesia in 2024. The sampling technique used cluster random sampling with a sample size of 524 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a survey method via a Google Form link. Body Mass Index (BMI) data collection based on respondents' self-reports. To minimize the risk of information bias, researchers requested height and weight data separately, provided standardized measurement instructions, applied logical value range limits, and performed data validation and cleaning prior to statistical analysis. Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square tests, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression to examine the relationship and dominant factors affecting physical readiness for preconception. Research ethics principles were followed through an ethics approval letter No. 027/KEP-UMPP/V/2024.The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between BMI (p = 0.007, OR: 1.825), reproductive health status (p = 0.000, OR: 3.553), and mental readiness (p = 0.000, OR: 2.278) with physical readiness during the preconception period. In addition, multivariate analysis shows that BMI is the most dominant factor affecting physical readiness with an Exp (B) value of 1.342 (CI 95%: 1.342-3.107). A balanced BMI is associated with hormonal balance, optimal reproductive function, adequate energy reserves, and a lower risk of complications. Therefore, interventions to improve nutritional status should be a key component of preconception programs. This study recommends the need to strengthen comprehensive preconception education programs, including improving preconception health literacy, regular reproductive health check-ups, and psychological interventions to improve mental readiness before entering pregnancy.
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